Symbolism in the awakening Essay Example For Students

Symbolism in the awakening Essay The Awakening contains many symbolic features, such as the way Edna uses art, the birds(the parrot and the mockingbird), sleep, music, and the houses Edna Pontellier lives in, butperhaps two of the most significant symbols are the clothes in the novel, not only of Edna,but also the other characters, and the water, whether it be the ocean, the gulf, or the sea. These two symbols are possibly the most significant because of their direct relationship toEdna Pontellier. Both the water and her clothes have the power to not only emphasize, buthelp show exactly how and what Edna is feeling. We will write a custom essay on Symbolism in the awakening specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Clothes appear to have significant meaning in The Awakening, enough so that theyare mentioned at almost every description of the characters. Edna Pontellier starts the novelfully dressed and appropriately dressed for a woman of her responsibilities, however, at herfinal moment, she is naked on the beach. Other women in the story also represent theirposition and the way they feel in the way they dress. For example, Madmoiselle Reisznever changes her clothes. This could possibly symbolize her physical detachment fromanything around her, including nature and any suppressed feelings. In contrast, Ednasclothes represent her physical attachment to society. She sheds her clothes the way a snakesheds its skin when it is time for a new one and it does not fit into the old one any longer. Edna doesnt feel like she can fit into society any longer. Madmoiselle Reisz, on the otherhand, does not seem to have any desire to be more than what she has been given in thesociety in which she lives. There fore, she does not change her clothes, because she does notfeel the need for change in her life. Other characters, such as Madame Leburn always have new clothes to cover theirbodies. This could, perhaps, represent the constant need to cover their sexuality as women insuppressed roles as wives and mothers. Ednas nakedness at the end of the novel symbolizesher freedom from any claims her children may have on her and shows how her lack of clothesis equal to her lack of responsibility, of her family and the 1890s society. The Ocean is a clear symbol of freedom for Edna. The water is where Edna feelsreplenished and she begins to realize that she is not satisfied with her life and roles as wifeand mother. This happens on the day she learns to swim, which is something she had wantedto accomplish all summer. By learning to swim, she is empowered and becomes moreself-aware, of not only her sexuality, but also of who she is and not who society says sheThe water in The Awakening could be seen to symbolize Ednas rebirth into a moreassertive woman. Every time she enters the water, she gets stronger, until finally her strengthis more powerful than her love for her children, or her life. At this point she goes so far outto sea, that the water takes back the strength it had geven her. Both the water and the clothes in the novel are very important symbols, both helpingto emphasize Edna Pontelliers new life. She starts the novel as a very suppressed woman(fully clothed) and covered by society and its strict roles, and then ends naked as if she isescaping the restricted boundaries of her clothes and of society. The water is a constantsource of new life for Edna, and as her clothes are removed to go into the water, they arereplaced by a more greater sense of power and energy, the freedom that the water has helpedBibliography:

Free Essays on Fences

Critique on Reading Fences The play Fences is set in the 1950’s, while a black family tries to get past the struggles that linger with them from generations past. Struggles that consist of morals, attitudes, and patterns of life. It is the story of Troy Maxson who is the son of a sharecropper. Troy’s father only cared about his money. But his debt filled life caused him to feel a failure. This why he took his anger out on all of those around him. All of his wives along with Troy, at the age of fourteen, leave him. Troy acquires his violent and resentful attitude from his father. But, he also learns the meaning of responsibility. That no matter how hard things get, a man always has a responsibility to uphold. After doing some time in jail, Troy gets out with an exceptional talent in baseball. But he is refused to play because even though this is the land of equal opportunity, all things were not equal at that time. His brother Gabriel fought in WWII and now does not even know who he really is. Troy cannot understand how the â€Å"white â€Å" man can allow his brother to defend their country and almost lose his life but will not even give him a chance to play baseball. He learns to â€Å"take the crookeds with the straights†, as he would say. Because everyday is another struggle, another wrestle with death, another step towards death. Sometimes his longing for equality and closeness pushes people away. His teenage son, who has all the resilient traits of his father including a strong athletic talent, except in football, is forced not to play because Troy feels it will not get him anywhere. And even his wife, Rose, the best thing that ever happened to him sometimes canâ €™t feel him out. Troy likes to tell stories and teach lessons, principles for living. He sits on the porch where the story primarily takes place. It is a sturdy homely looking porch with about three or four steps leading to a squeaky screen door a... Free Essays on Fences Free Essays on Fences Critique on Reading Fences The play Fences is set in the 1950’s, while a black family tries to get past the struggles that linger with them from generations past. Struggles that consist of morals, attitudes, and patterns of life. It is the story of Troy Maxson who is the son of a sharecropper. Troy’s father only cared about his money. But his debt filled life caused him to feel a failure. This why he took his anger out on all of those around him. All of his wives along with Troy, at the age of fourteen, leave him. Troy acquires his violent and resentful attitude from his father. But, he also learns the meaning of responsibility. That no matter how hard things get, a man always has a responsibility to uphold. After doing some time in jail, Troy gets out with an exceptional talent in baseball. But he is refused to play because even though this is the land of equal opportunity, all things were not equal at that time. His brother Gabriel fought in WWII and now does not even know who he really is. Troy cannot understand how the â€Å"white â€Å" man can allow his brother to defend their country and almost lose his life but will not even give him a chance to play baseball. He learns to â€Å"take the crookeds with the straights†, as he would say. Because everyday is another struggle, another wrestle with death, another step towards death. Sometimes his longing for equality and closeness pushes people away. His teenage son, who has all the resilient traits of his father including a strong athletic talent, except in football, is forced not to play because Troy feels it will not get him anywhere. And even his wife, Rose, the best thing that ever happened to him sometimes canâ €™t feel him out. Troy likes to tell stories and teach lessons, principles for living. He sits on the porch where the story primarily takes place. It is a sturdy homely looking porch with about three or four steps leading to a squeaky screen door a...

Personal Experience Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Experience - Personal Statement Example As our society becomes more industrialized, children become the center of attention less and less. Children are thrown into daycares and other institutions while parents work long hours, and when these children express a need, they are either put off until later: or, their needs are blatantly ignored because they are not deemed to be valid or important enough to deserve attention. Concerning the injustices that are done to children, Laurie A. Couture, a renowned children's advocate, makes the statement that "Our culture has moved far away from nature's intended way for us to parent and care for our children. Unfortunately, over many centuries, as the world has become increasingly more industrialized, people have lost touch with their natural parenting instincts. Each generation is parented in a way that causes distress, pain, depression and anger. This in turn causes each new generation to pass down harmful ways of parenting that reflect their hurt, distress and resentment" (Couture) . Children are treated like property that can be managed and thrown around and are thought to be less human than adults. Regarding the injustices of children and adults mistreating them and not taking them seriously, I experienced injustice in the sixth grade at the hands of a teacher that did not have to happen, and if only the teachers were to hear me out and treat me less like property and more like a human being, then the experience would have turned out differently. One day, we were sitting in class. The teacher had been lecturing for hours, and I was getting quite bored. I began to drift off into my own world and daydream. I thought about more interesting things, such as what I was going to do after school with my friends and the awesome parties that were coming up. I daydreamed of myself accomplishing great feats and being famous all over the world. I even daydreamed of myself being off in fun places, such as traveling the world, seeing different things, and gaining new experiences. Unfortunately though, the daydreaming only worked for a period of time because the boredom began to set in again. This time, the boredom was stronger than ever, so strong that I felt the need to hurry up and do something about it, even if I had to take somewhat drastic measures. Because I was feeling bored and nothing that I did seem to help, I thought of taking a different angle to make things interesting. I thought that it would be cool to do something to get a reaction out of the teacher. The thought of making her mad seemed a bit entertaining. I thought for a wile about what I could do to achieve this, and suddenly, I had what I thought to be an awesome idea. I was going to loudly whistle in class, hoping the teacher would be none the wiser about who did it. I scribbled a note and passed it around to some of my friends who were sitting near me (We passed it around under the table to avoid being noticed, and it worked because she never caught us.), and they all wrote back on that same note that it was a good idea and that it would be funny to watch. I waited for what I thought to be the perfect time, and I let out a loud whistle. To my dismay, the timing was not right because she immediately called me out on what I had done. Feeling stupid, I apologized, and the teacher went on with her lecture. Some time had passed, and another student let out a loud whistle. Without doing any sort of investigation, she turned

The task for this assignment is to analyse a case study for a private Essay

The task for this assignment is to analyse a case study for a private sector or a public organisation of your own choice - Essay Example Having said this, the purpose of this paper is to first of all analyse the strategy adopted by Tesco in relation to product transportability", transferability of competitive advantage","Inter-firm transferability of resources", and the need to adapt to local market conditions in the following overseas markets (USA, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and China). In the first section, using relevant analytical model, Tesco will first of will be diagnosed to know it sources of competitive advantage, thereafter, attention will be shifted to the need to adapt to local overseas markets in the United States, Thailand, Japan and China. Porters five forces framework was originally developed as a way of assessing the attractiveness (Profit potential) of different industries. As such, it can help in identifying the sources of competition in an industry or sector (Johnson & Scholes 2005, Brand 1963). The basis upon which this framework is built will serve in analysing TESCO Plc strategic capabilities. With thousands of different supermarkets in the United states with each of them being strategic players, Tesco will have to adapt to local values in the United States. The competition is going to be fierce, with Wal-Mart, currently being the market leader. Thus Tesco should pay attention on the four Ps, product price, promotion, and place in these markets (Charles 2007). Tesco has a pool of financial resources, reserves; managerial capabilities that can help the company cope up with competion. In the United States, Thailand and Japan, Tesco will have to adapt to local values through sourcing of local materials and resour ces, the recruitment of local staff. Management will have to think globally but act locally (Company 2007 Report). The company ongoing exclusive rights with suppliers, distributors and transporting companies should be replicated in these markets. In these markets, it will be difficult for local supermarkets to get up overnight and start operating at Tesco scale. Though there are potentials for the sector to attract potential competitors or new entrants, the situation is however difficult for new entrants to enter the line of business, because huge capital, and capabilities are necessary to support after sales services. In terms of technical expertise to get up overnight and open a grocery store that will compete with Tesco is not easy. More so, Groceries stores often strived at having an exclusive right with their suppliers (Cheng & Bolong 1993, Drejer 2002). These is the same type of relationship, Tesco will maintain with its suppliers in these markets. Suppliers and customers have a high bargaining power in these markets. Each grocery store strive at having unique items, others offer almost the same thing making customers and potential customers to base their attention on price, quality and after sales benefit

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT The Garden City Movement was invented by Sir Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) (Couch, 2014). It was first described in his book Garden Cities of To-morrow, published in 1902 (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). The Garden City Model introduced the application of some basic planning principles which are still in use today. It consists of self-sufficient communities surrounded by greenbelts with planned proportionate areas in agriculture, housing, commerce and industry (Audiopedia, 2014). This essay discusses the creation and development of the theoretical and planning principles of the Garden City Model and its success in solving economic and social problems of densely populated cities in UK. It also discusses the modification of these principles and their applications in modern planning theories. The search for an ideal city was due to the intense industrialization and resulting urbanization of major UK cities about the late 19th century. There were many social, economic and commercial activities in large cities, thereby causing high levels of migration from less developed regions in the UK towards these cities. This excessive immigration resulted in issues like; overpopulation, housing shortage, high rents, air pollution, urban slums and lack of sunlight and open spaces (Howard, 1902). According to (Fishman, 1982), Howard perceived the economy to be corrupt, inhumane, inefficient and unhealthy(see Fig 1,2). Fig. 1 Hine (1912) Fig. 2 Industrial Cities (n.d.) Analyzing the issues developed by the rapid urbanization, Howard noticed a contrasting phenomenon in the  countryside. The countryside suffered from; depopulation, lack of amusement, lack of society, capital and labour. The town had all that the country was lacking and vice-versa. Howard then sort to combine the best aspects of  the town and the country in formation of the garden city (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Fig. 3 The Three Magnets. (1902) Redefining the town and countryside as magnets, the people as needles, and man’s socio-economic desires  as attraction, Howard realized the theory of The Three Magnets, introducing the third alternative; the Town-Country Magnet (Howard, 1902).The Town- Country offers; high wages, social opportunities, and places of amusements, healthy living conditions, low rents, and large parks (Howard, 1902). Howard believed that the Town-Country would enhance the enjoyment of human society and the beauty of nature simultaneously (Fishman, 1982). In order to achieve the socio-economic aspects of the Town-Country, the ideal city would run by communal land ownership, whereby, the rent would be the main source of revenue, employed by municipality(governing body) in the creation and maintenance of public amenities, old age pensions, and accident insurance (Howard, 1902). The Garden City was to be built from scratch on agricultural land, which had low ecological value, thereby increasing the value of the land, so that it could generate significant revenue through rent for municipality (Howard, 1902). Fig. 4 Garden-City. (1902). Fig. 5 Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). The spatial plan of a sector of the city Although the Garden City Model is very descriptive, it is not a morphological but rather socio-economic illustration of principles (Butcher, 2010). Planned in a concentric pattern, with six radial boulevards, on a site of 6000 acres, the Garden City would have a population of 32,000 people (Audiopedia, 2014). In the centre of the city lies a public garden, surrounded by the public buildings which includes; hospital, library, museum, picture-gallery, town hall, concert hall and theatre (John, 2014). The succeeding space is the central park for recreational activities. These large parks are more of country features, but they perform much better in the town-country because of the increment in population. Beyond the central park is the crystal palace a circular glass arcade, for commercial activities (John, 2014). Placement of the crystal palace beside the central park shows Howard’s intentions of connecting human activities with nature. Before the invention of Howard’s pri nciples, commercial zones in the cities rarely had parks and open spaces, because of the high value of land. It is now a common planning practice today to have open spaces in commercial areas. Beyond the crystal palace are houses with tree lined streets, additional parks occupied by public schools, playgrounds and churches (John, 2014). On the outskirts of the city are industries with direct access to the railway, saving cost of packaging and cartage and transportation of goods from the train to and fro factories (John, 2014). The rest of town beyond the railway is utilized as agricultural land held by various individuals and organizations and also providing alternative farm job opportunities to the working class without separating them from the city (Howard, 1902). This agricultural land also serves as a barrier to urban sprawl, as it cannot be built on. As shown in Figure 6, the use of green belts to control urban sprawl is still evident in UK cities today. Fig. 7 Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). Considering the fact that town country community is bound to reach its population capacity due to its socio-economic advantages, Howard envisioned as series of garden cities, separated by green belts and connected by roads and railways, with the central city having a population of 58000 (see Fig.7). The introduction of these series also controls the excessive migration to cities with more attractions. Fig. 8Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.) Fig. 9 Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.) Howards Garden city model was directly experimented on two towns; Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. Letchworth was the first Garden City ever built (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). It lies on a train line, 35 miles from London, located in Herdfordshire, England, and it covers an area of 5,500 acres, which used to serve as agricultural land with little or no value (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Although Letchworth was not designed in a regular concentric pattern, it follows the zoning principles of the Garden City Model. In other to build Letchworth, Howard needed funding, but he did not get any financial support from the government. I suppose it was because the development of his ideal city had no positive effect on the pre-existing cities, which have been invested heavily upon. The idea of destroying or ignoring pre-existing cities to rebuilt perfect ones was also the basis of many other revolutionists in solving the industrial crisis. This approach displays the lack of consideration of the fina ncial requirements in the realization of ideal cities. According to Audiopedia (2014), Howard got financial support only from private investors who were concerned with their personal profits, rather than the communal growth of Letchworth City. As a result, Howard forwent the idea of communal land ownership with no landlords (Audiopedia, 2014). Fig. 9 Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City (n.d.) Fig. 10 Howard Park (n.d.) Fig. 11 Broadway Gardens (n.d.) Letchworth was environmentally successful, with lots of open spaces and public parks healthy living conditions and beautiful tree-lined streets, most of which remain today (Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, 2014). The city attracted firms because of the cheap rent and surplus space, resulting from its earlier use as agricultural land. It also attracted residents, as the living conditions were favorable. Due to the fact that the implementation of communal land ownership was ignored, the rents were not cheap, they could only be afforded by skilled white collar workers (Audiopedia, 2014). Letchworth failed partially as an independent community because of the improved transportation system which made it easier to connect to London. Welwyn, the second Garden City, 20 miles from London, performed just as well as Letchworth, but it lacked public, commercial and industrial buildings, which caused it to depend heavily on London for socio-economic activities. Due to the physical success of Letchworth, the principles of the Garden city were applied to various developments worldwide and in most cases it has been misconceived as the development of suburbs. The New Towns Act 1946, implement by the government after World War II. was inspired by the Garden City Movement (Audiopedia, 2014). The Act, involved the designation of land for the development of garden suburbs in U.K (New Towns Act 1946, 2014). The development of ne towns meant the suburbanization of cities, which was the antithesis to Howard’s theory (Audiopedia, 2014). Despite it’s contradiction Howard thoery, the New towns succeeded in offering healthy living conditions, and maintaining the population density, but they were not economically independent. Fig. 12 Uxcester Garden City. (2014) Fig – new suburbs in blue, pre-existing city in grey. Recently, the Uxcester Garden City; an imaginary city, inspired by the Garden City Model, was announced the winner of the 2014 Wolfsons Economic prize (Sweet, 2014). It was initiated as a solution to the current U.K housing shortage crisis. It is a combination of the planning principles of the Garden City and the suburbanization scheme of the New Towns. Unlike, the Garden City, it is not built from scratch, but rather gradually incorporated into pre-existing cities. The scheme involves the development of residential communities on agricultural green belts, which are presently considered to have low ecological value (Sweet, 2014). Fig. 13 Uxcester Garden City. (2014). Organic representation of Uxcester. Each community is planned to have half it’s area designated to; forests, public parks and lakes (Sweet, 2014). These new residential communities would require reliable transportation systems, linking them to the city centre, which provides the most social activities. On the other hand, the new suburbs will revitalize the city centre by channeling new demand for what is on offer there (Sweet, 2014). Although the scheme involves suburbanization of cities, it observes the Garden City objectives, which includes the provision of healthy living conditions to ordinary people and socio-economic independence. The Garden City Model inspired the New Towns Act and Uxcester Garden City. It has had a major effect on town planning, which has a direct effect on human behavior. Howard’s principles have recently been adopted in the development of Uxcester Garden City scheme for solving housing shortage problem U.K is facing today. Although the effect Uxcester will have on U.K. housing has not been decided, I think the further development of suburbs would either increase the lack of job opportunities or increase the volume of commercial buildings in the city centre. It will then be up to architects to ensure healthy working conditions in these city centres. References Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Audiopedia . (2014).Garden city movement. [Online Video]. 13 November. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_MacpHZ-Bk. [Accessed: 03 January 2015]. Broadway Gardens. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Butcher, L., 2010. ARCHITECTURE + URBANISM. [ONLINE] Available at: http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/ebenezer-howard-garden-cities-of-to.html [Accessed 03 01 2015]. Couch, A. (2014) Arch 221 Urban Studies Week 4 Lecture: Note taking skills from lectures and readings, Liverpool: School of Architecture. Fishman, R., 1982. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). [image] Available at: https://socialethicsoundideasandfreedom.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/garden-city.png [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. Hawkes, J. (n.d.).Houses, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. [image] Available at: http://stock.jasonhawkes.com/media/8d181e48-3248-11e1-900f-1127b07b6f75-houses-welwyn-garden-city-hertfordshire [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Hine, L. (1912).New York: Tenements. [image] Available at: http://www.allposters.com/-sp/New-York-Tenements-1912-Posters_i8677584_.htm [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Howard, E., 1902. Garden Cities of To-morrow. [ONLINE] Second Edition ed. s.l.: Sonnenschein Co., Ltd. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/howard/ebenezer/garden_cities_of_to-morrow/complete.html#chapter7. [Accessed 01 January 2015]. Howard Park. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Industrial Cities. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://johnsonschneider.weebly.com/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. John W. Reps,. 2014.Garden Cities Of Tomorrow. [ONLINE] Available at: http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/howard.htm [Accessed 02 January 15]. Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/11/11.001j/f01/lectureimages/6/image31.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, (2014).Letchworth Garden City. [online] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/letchworth-garden-city/quick-facts [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Louis de Soissons, Welwyn Garden City town plan. (1921). [image] Available at: http://cashewnut.me.uk/WGCbooks/web-WGC-books-1975-1.php [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Lucey, N. (1973).The Effect of Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement on Twentieth Century Town Planning. 1st ed. [ebook] Hertfordshire: Norman Lucey. Available at: http://www.rickmansworthherts.freeserve.co.uk/howard1.htm#snd [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. New Towns Act 1946. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Towns_Act_1946oldid=621188191 [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Sweet, R. (2014). Welcome to Uxcester, the imaginary city that has British planners in a flap. Global Construction Review. [online] Available at: http://www.globalconreview.com/sectors/welcome-uxcester-imaginary-city-has36392725british/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. The Three Magnets. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. U.K. Green Belts. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.estatesgazette.com/blogs/london-residential-research/2014/02/green-belt-fit-21st-century/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Uxcester Garden City. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/545656/urbed-s-bold-proposal-to-reinvigorate-the-garden-city-movement/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://lunaprod.library.cornell.edu/images/RMC/Size4/RMC0129/RMC2011_0602.jpg?userid=10username=administratorresolution=4servertype=JVAcid=10iid=CORNELLvcid=NAusergroup=Facultyprofileid=2 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 2 Jan. 2015]. Ebenezer Howard. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Welwyn Garden City. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015].

Nike CSR Challenge Essay

1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% – 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nike’s CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing change to a company that isn’t centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the company’s goal. What’s required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible. 4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. It’s a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a person’s professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as â€Å"transcending leadership† because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi. 1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% – 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nike’s CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing change to a company that isn’t centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the company’s goal. What’s required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible. 4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. It’s a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a person’s professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as â€Å"transcending leadership† because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi. 1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% – 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nike’s CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing change to a company that isn’t centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the company’s goal. What’s required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible. 4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. It’s a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a person’s professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as â€Å"transcending leadership† because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi. 1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% – 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nike’s CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing change to a company that isn’t centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the company’s goal. What’s required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible. 4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. It’s a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a person’s professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as â€Å"transcending leadership† because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi.

Marketing Case Study with Questions and Answers

CHAPTER 13: THE MARKETING OF SERVICES ADDITIONAL CASE STUDY NEW LINE IN MOBILE PHONES One of the oldest principles of marketing is that sellers may sell features, but buyers essentially buy benefits. This is a distinction sometimes lost on technology led organisations, and the service sector is no exception. Recent experience of the UK’s largest telecommunications company, Vodafone Airtouch, illustrates how crucial it is to see service offers in terms of the benefits they bring to customers.The company was aware of extensive research which had found high levels of confusion among purchasers of mobile phones, with a seemingly infinite permutation of features and prices. With four main networks to choose from, dozens of tariffs and hundreds of handsets, it easy to see why buyers sought means of simplifying their buying process. Throughout the 1990s, Vodafone had positioned its UK network as superior technically to its competitors. Advertising focused on high coverage rates and c all reliability. Vodafone was the UK's most popular mobile phone operator, with almost eight million customers, including 4. million Pay as you Talk customers. It had opened the UK's first cellular network on 1 January 1985and was the market leader since 1986. Vodafone's networks in the UK – analogue and digital – between them carried over 100 million calls each week. It took Vodafone more than 13 years to connect its first three million subscribers but only 12 months to connect the next three million. Vodafone had the largest share of the UK cellular market with 33% and had more international roaming agreements than any other UK mobile operator. It could offer its subscribers roaming with 220 networks in 104 countries.Despite all of the above, Vodafone was aware that although it was recognised as an extremely strong business in the corporate marketplace, it was not so strong in the market for personal customers. Research indicated that personal buyers bought Vodafone for essentially rational reasons rather than having any emotional attachment to the brand. The success of the competing Orange network, which had developed a very strong image, was a lesson to Vodafone that many people did not understand many of the product features on offer, but instead identified with a brand whose values they could share.Vodafone recognised that it needed to be perceived as adding value to a consumer’s lifestyle?. Given the increasing complexity of product features, positioning on technical features was likely to make life more confusing for personal customers. An alternative approach was needed which focused on image and lifestyle benefits. The company decided to hire Identica – the consultancy that originally created the One 2 One brand – to revamp its brand communications and advertising strategy in an effort to make Vodafone more appealing to personal customers.Identica created a new ‘visual language’ for the Vodafone brand. Vodafone became involved in the biggest ever TV, press, poster and radio advertising campaign in its 15 year history. Employing a completely new style, the new advertising centred around the theme: ‘You are now truly mobile. Let the world come to you' and featured a new end-line – Vodafone YOU ARE HERE. The campaign demonstrated how Vodafone's products and services were designed to make life easier for its customers. The campaign, created by BMP DDB, was worth ? 20 million over two months alone and ran for the whole year.Bringing meaning to the Vodafone brand and what it represented, a series of advertisements, through a range of media, showed how Vodafone let the world come to its customers, enabling them to be truly mobile. This portrayed how Vodafone always pioneered to make things more possible for its customers in a wire-free world. In press and poster executions, Vodafone used arrows photographed in various real life situations to depict its flagship services, e. g. a weather vane was used to illustrate the Vodafone Interactive weather service showing how weather information could be brought to customers through their mobile.Each advertisement again had the Vodafone YOU ARE HERE end-line. The arrows indicated the directional approach of Vodafone, letting the world come to the customer. Other executions illustrated cinema listing information, sports updates, share price information, international roaming and the Vodafone Personal Roadwatch 1800 service. The change in emphasis by Vodafone seemed to be timely. The mobile phone industry was facing a new wave of confusing product features hitting consumers, with the development of Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) phones and the newer â€Å"Third generation† phones due to be launched in 2001.It seemed inevitable that all of the competing networks would be offering confusing permutations of features with their service, so Vodafone calculated that, given similar levels of reliability and sophis tication by all networks, a favourable image and lifestyle association would be an important source of competitive advantage. Given the right image with existing technology, there would be a strong probability that consumers would migrate with the brand to the new technology when it arrived. Source: adapted from Vodafone Image Shift†, Marketing, 4th May, 2000 and Vodafone Home Page, http://www. vodafone. co. uk ADDITIONAL CASE STUDY REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Identify the principal benefits to customers which derive from a mobile phone. What differences are likely to exist between market segments? 2. Is a strong brand identity on its own a source of sustainable competitive advantage? To what extent must this be backed up by real product features? 3. Are goods different to services in the way that a distinction is made between features and benefits?